Influence of sintering temperature on the crystallization and mechanical properties of BN-MAS composites

A type of boron nitride–magnesium aluminum silicate (BN-MAS) composite ceramics was fabricated by hot-press sintering at different sintering temperatures. The relationship between the sintering temperature and microstructure was investigated by analyzing the interaction between hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) and the MAS phase. The main MAS phase in the composite ceramics is the α-cordierite phase at a sintering temperature of 1300°C. At temperatures above 1400°C, the inhibitory effect of h-BN on the crystallization of the MAS system is significant, and MAS mainly exists in the form of an amorphous phase. The composite sintered at 1700°C exhibited the highest bending strength of 218MPa. h-BN and MAS were co-enhanced. MAS can be used as an effective liquid-phase sintering aid to assist in the sintering of h-BN, whereas h-BN can absorb the fracture energy of the composite ceramics through the pull-out and bridging effect of the particles.     

Co-adsorption behaviors of asphaltenes and different flow improvers and their impacts on the interfacial viscoelasticity

Commonly used flow improvers in oilfields, such as ethylene–vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), poly(octadecyl acrylate) (POA), and polymethylsilsesquioxane (PMSQ) are proven to be effective to enhance the flowability of crude oil. However, the addition of these flow improvers may change the stability of the emulsion and make the crude oil treatment process challenging. In this research, the impacts of different flow improvers on the interfacial properties of the emulsions containing asphaltenes are systematically investigated. The co-adsorption behaviors of the flow improvers and asphaltenes are analyzed through dynamic interfacial tension (DIFT). The rheological properties of the interfacial layer after the adsorption are explored via dilational viscoelasticity. Significant difference is observed in the structural properties of the interface adsorbed by different flow improvers, which is attributed to different interactions between the flow improvers and asphaltenes. To investigate these interactions, conductivity, asphaltenes precipitation, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and contact angle experiments are conducted systematically. Results show that EVA and POA can alter the interfacial properties by changing the asphaltene dispersion state. The interaction between EVA and asphaltenes is stronger than that between POA and asphaltenes due to the difference in molecular structures. Unlike EVA and POA, the change of interfacial property with the addition of PMSQ is attributed to the partial adsorption of asphaltenes on PMSQ.     

An asymmetrically substituted dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]pyrrole organic small-molecule hole-transporting material for high-performance perovskite solar cells

Hole-transporting materials play a vital role in terms of the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]pyrrole (DTP), an S,N-heterocyclic building block, has been proved to be desirable for molecular design of hole-transporting materials in PSCs. We developed an asymmetrically substituted DTP small-molecule (JW12) and a reference compound (JW11). The asymmetrical structure of JW12 leads to different absorption properties and electron distribution. The device in a planar n-i-p architecture using JW12 shows a much higher PCE (18.07%) than that based on JW11 (15.46%), which is also better than the device based on spiro-OMeTAD (17.47%). We hope our research can provide a new perspective in molecular design of organic HTMs for perovskite solar cells.     

捣固焦在大容积高炉上的应用分析与探讨

近年来钢铁和焦化行业对捣固焦在大容积高炉上的应用进行了广泛的研究实践。分析了焦炭在高炉中的作用、焦炭质量变化对炼铁的影响、不同炉容级别高炉对焦炭质量的要求,介绍了不同钢企大容积高炉用捣固焦的配煤情况及国内2200 m³、3200 m³高炉应用捣固焦的实例。在考察了钢企使用的捣固焦配煤方案的基础上,临沂恒昌焦化股份有限公司进行了捣固焦配煤方案的模拟试验,得出5.5 m捣固焦炉在配煤比例合适的情况下,完全可以生产出符合大容积高炉要求指标的焦炭。建议炼铁行业和焦化行业加强合作,完善捣固焦的质量评价体系。     

CuAl2O4和CuAl2O4：Cr荧光粉的合成及发光机理研究

采用温和的溶胶-凝胶法以酒石酸作为螯合剂制备了铝酸铜（CuAl₂O₄）和CuAl₂O₄：Cr荧光粉。X射线粉末衍射结果表明,铝酸铜干凝胶在800 ℃烧结获得了纯的立方相的铝酸铜,而CuAl₂O₄：Cr干凝胶烧结后为铝酸铜和三氧化二铬的混合相。元素组分与电荷态分析表明,铝酸铜和CuAl₂O₄：Cr荧光粉中不含其他杂质元素,且存在少量的吸附氧。扫描电镜分析表明,铝酸铜和CuAl₂O₄：Cr荧光粉的颗粒形状近似呈球形,每个大的颗粒由很多细小的晶粒组成,CuAl₂O₄：Cr荧光粉颗粒间的团聚现象较为明显。光学性质分析发现,CuAl₂O₄：Cr荧光粉颗粒间明显的团聚现象导致它的光学带隙值比铝酸铜小。采用255 nm的光激发CuAl₂O₄：Cr荧光粉,在690 nm处获得了一个强的荧光发射峰,主要归因于Cr³⁺中²E_g→⁴A_2g的跃迁。     

高镍三元正极材料镍钴铝的掺杂改性研究进展

高镍三元正极材料镍钴铝（NCA）因具有较高的能量密度及工作电压、成本低、环境友好等优点极有可能成为下一代广泛应用的锂离子电池正极材料之一。然而镍含量的提高导致材料结构不稳定、循环性能和倍率性能降低,限制了其进一步发展。主要从锂位、过渡金属位、氧位掺杂及复合共掺杂4个方面综述了不同位置离子掺杂的改性机理。大量研究结果表明,通过复合共掺杂方式进行改性,能够结合单离子掺杂的优点有效提升镍钴铝正极材料的电化学性能。     

不同温度下合成沸石对铝酸钙水泥水化行为的影响

铝酸钙水泥的水化行为与物相组成、粉体粒径、水化温度、外加剂等因素密切相关。已有研究发现沸石结构矿物对铝酸钙水泥的水化行为影响显著,而作用机制有待进一步研究。本文采用XRD、SEM、FTIR、综合热分析以及电导率测试方法,系统研究了不同养护温度(20 ℃、25 ℃、30 ℃和40 ℃)下合成沸石对铝酸钙水泥水化行为的影响及作用机理。结果表明,合成沸石对铝酸钙水泥水化行为的影响与不同养护温度下离子浓度有关。在20 ℃养护时,铝酸钙水泥的溶解程度较低且沸石具有超高的比表面积及离子吸附能力,离子浓度难以达到饱和,延长了诱导期,从而延缓了铝酸钙水泥的水化;在25~40 ℃养护时,沸石的微孔结构和超高比表面积为水化产物提供更多成核位点,进而促进了铝酸钙水泥的水化。此外,合成沸石的引入有效消除了铝酸钙水泥在25 ℃养护时的异常凝结行为。     

基于生物质制备多孔碳的电化学储能研究

近年来,大量化石燃料的使用改变了全球气候,加剧了温室效应并且产生了严重的热污染.能源枯竭和环境污染问题迫在眉睫,为实现生态环境的可持续发展,人们研究和开发了各种新型的储能材料和器件.超级电容器是最近几年发展迅速的一种新型储能装置,典型特点是储能和快速充放电.因为生物质绿色无污染、资源丰富和可再生,另外,生物质氮自掺杂炭材料因为孔隙发达、孔隙可调、耐酸碱、比表面积大,故可作为制备电极材料碳源的最优选择.本文分别以石榴籽和化妆棉两种生物质作为碳源,利用高温热解法来制备生物质氮自掺杂炭材料电极,并测其电化学性能.经过电化学测试得出,在1 A/g的电流密度下,石榴籽与KOH的质量比为3:1时比电容最大,约为295 F·g-1,同样电流密度下,化妆棉与KOH质量比为3:1时比电容最大,约为225 F·g-1.     

Investigating the microstructures and properties of Mg-Al LDH film-coated Mg-Li alloy: Effect of hydrothermal temperature

Magnesia-alumina layered double hydroxide (Mg-Al LDH) films grown in situ on LA43M magnesium-lithium (Mg-Li) alloy were synthesized utilizing the hydrothermal method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the surface morphologies, composition, and phase of the Mg-Al films. The corrosion resistance of the Mg-Al films was estimated via immersion experiment and hydrogen evolution test, and the tribological properties were investigated using tribological wear tests. The results showed that the thickness of the Mg-Al LDH film enhanced, and the size of the LDH sheets increased as the hydrothermal temperature raised, resulting in the improvement of the corrosion and wear resistance. When the hydrothermal temperature reached 110°C, interlayer anions were loaded the most, and the film achieved the optimal thickness. The Mg-Al LDH film had the optimum corrosion resistance and tribological properties. At this point, the weight loss of the film was 1.3560 mg·cm^–2, and the average friction coefficient was .149. It demonstrated that synthesizing Mg-Al LDH at a hydrothermal temperature of 110°C was an effective approach to improve the corrosion resistance of LA43M.